India. Outskirts of Varanasi. Three teenagers play along the banks of a large pool of water at sunset created during the rainy season. The area in the post sunset period is the period of the day with the highest risk of dengue, malaria and chikungunya infection. It is at this stage of the day that female mosquitoes search for blood to have sufficient proteins and energy to lay fertile eggs.

Chad. Aerial view of an urban suburb affected by flooding on the Chari River. During floods, people are forced to reach their homes or other places by small boats. Due to the increasing flooding, Chad is experiencing an increasing number of malaria-related health emergencies, at times of the year when mosquito-borne diseases are usually absent. Climate change affecting the African equatorial belt is rapidly reshaping the seasons, with a significant increase in malaria.

Cuba. Ciénaga de Zapata. A tourist shows a skin rash caused by mosquito bites. Ciénaga de Zapata is an area with a high percentage of dengue as it is an area of ​​the Cuban island mainly made up of ponds that create a lagoon, an ideal place for the proliferation of mosquitoes.

Italy. Rome. ENEA research centre. Larva, pupa and adult of mosquito inside a test tube. Once all the pupae have become adults, the males will be examined on a random basis to verify if the bacterium that makes them sterile is present in their organism

Chad. N'Djamena. Guilmey refugee camp. Fatima Djidda, nineteen, in the tent she shares with her sister and nine nephews. In front of her, a mosquito net she uses at night to protect herself from mosquitoes. Mosquito nets are the only available solution, and their distribution is carried out through distribution plans managed by various NGOs working in the country.

Chad. N’Djamena. Gozotor Hospital. Sougoui, 35, with her 3-year-old daughter Charifa in the pediatric malaria ward in Gozotor hospital. After a day of intensive care, Charifa was transferred to the ward. As soon as she arrived due to a very high fever and delirium, Charifa was kept in intensive care where the most problematic and risky cases are found. The cure for malaria can last up to 15 days. If the medicines fail to take effect immediately or if the treatment is started late, malaria can lead to serious problems of anemia especially in children and the elderly. Malaria in Chad is the second reason, after malnutrition, for mortality in children aged 5 years.

India. Gujarat Region. Inside an antimalarial drug factory. India is the world's leading producer of antimalarial drugs for Africa.

India. Gujarat region. Inside an antimalarial drug factory, an employee in the encapsulation area checks whether the antimalarial tablets in the adjacent room are coming off the roller and then being boxed. Antimalarials are produced with synthetic chemicals.

Italy. Rome. ENEA research centre. Breeding of female mosquitoes used for egg laying which will then be contaminated with the Wolbachia bacterium to experiment with the birth of a new species of mosquito.. Mosquitoes are bred inside plexiglass cubes and kept inside rooms with controlled temperature and humidity. Mosquitoes with the Wolbachia bacterium make males sterile while females, once they mate with other mosquitoes, give rise to new mosquitoes also with the Wolbachia bacterium.

Honduras. Tegucigalpa. Alejandra, inside the insectarium where mosquitoes are bred, checks the status of each insect in each jar. Around 6,000 mosquitoes are produced every day.

Honduras. Tegucigalpa. A biologist breaks the capsules containing mosquito eggs with the Wolbachia bacteria implanted. The eggs together with the tuna flour which acts as a nutrient are poured into plastic jars containing water.

Honduras. Tegucigalpa. Jimison catches mosquitoes inside a bedroom in a family's home in the Hardin della Mercede neighborhood. Mosquito trapping for Wolbachia mosquito monitoring is mostly done door to door.

Comacchio. Italy. A case kept in the municipal offices where all types of mosquitoes found over the years in the Po Delta area are archived. The archiving is done for statistical study and to try to anticipate and understand what type of larvicidal intervention to apply year by year.

Comacchio. Italy. Luciani Enrico, founder of the mosquito control project on the shores of Comacchio and the northern areas of the municipality of Ravenna, in his office at the headquarters of the Municipality of Comacchio. The project was born to fight culicidae in coastal areas that were blocking the development of tourism because of mosquitoes. The project is unique in its kind because it uses techniques with the lowest environmental impact, and has led to a 90/95% reduction in mosquito populations, especially in residential areas, without ever significantly damaging the environment.

Comacchio. Italy. Two operators during a prevention action in the Po Delta area, an area particularly subject to the presence of tiger mosquitoes.

Rome. Italy. An LED information sign, publicizing the initiative of the Municipality of Rome for the fight against mosquitoes. In the last year there has been a significant increase in mosquitoes in residential areas that have also seen the emergence of cases of Dengue for the first time in 2024.

India. Gujarat Region. Government Office of Anti-Malarial Research, Hamenabad Capital. Blood slides for malaria testing.

India. Gujarat Region. Government Office of Anti-Malarial Research, Hamenabad. An employee of the center analyzes the positive samples one by one under the microscope to identify the type of malaria.

India. Neem tree. Neem, a native Neem plant of India, is an evergreen tree that can reach up to 30 m in height. It is used as a shade, thanks to its thick foliage, and as an anti-desertification barrier. Its leaves and flowers have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic properties if used internally. From their leaves and flowers an oil is made, strictly used to fight mosquitoes. In the more rural areas of India where it is not possible to make and use the oil, Neem leaves are burned in the periods following the rainy period to keep mosquitoes away.

Cuba. Ciénaga de Zapata. Inside a coal farmer's home, a municipal employee performs a smoking operation. Smoking operations inside private homes are performed upon request. The process is not very quick. When a house is smoked, neighbors take advantage of the situation and ask to extend the operation to their homes as well. The products used are very strong chemicals. After smoking, it is advisable to stay out of the house for at least half an hour.

India. Mumbai. Inside a quality control center, a machine that simulates the stomach is used to check the quality of the drugs produced. The time and the way in which the pill dissolves inside a liquid comparable to gastric juices are calculated.

India. Gujarat Region. Government Office of Anti-Malarial Research, Hamenabad. A researcher is breeding Gambusia fish that will be later introduced in places in the capital where there are stagnant water, such as fountains and ponds. Gambusia fish are fish that feed on mosquito larvae. The use of this natural system has allowed to limit in recent years the cases of malaria in the capital of the Gujarat region.

Italy. Comacchio. A member of the municipal mosquito control team during a site inspection to check mosquito traps. By capturing and studying mosquitoes, the center is able to prevent and combat uncontrolled mosquito breeding.

India. Varanasi. A disinfestation machine inside a room used as storage, waiting to be used by state employees. In the autumn of 2023, due to a large dengue and cici epidemic, the mayor of Varanasi has scheduled disinfestations from September until November.

India. Hamenabad. Regione del Gujarat. During a dengue and malaria disinfestation by state personnel. From 2018 to today, Dengue cases in India have increased starting. Asia in general, with each passing year, sees an increase in cases of Dengue Chikungunya and Zika mainly due to climate change and relative rise in temperatures with more frequent although shorter rainy seasons.

Italy. Rome. ENEA research centre. A stunned mosquito, after being kept for a few minutes in a controlled-temperature cold room, is analyzed by means of a sample taken under a microscope. The whole operation takes place in less than a minute, the time available without the mosquito waking up. The analysis consists of verifying the presence of the Wolbachia bacterium inside the mosquito

Honduras. Tegucigalpa. A moment of mosquito release that takes place in specific areas in the area north of Tegucigalpa where dengue is most present.

Kenya. Inside a mosquito net. There are no precise data on the annual global production of anti-malarial mosquito nets, but millions are distributed each year, with organizations like the Global Fund having introduced tens of millions in sub-Saharan Africa in just a few years, helping to prevent millions of malaria cases and thousands of deaths, highlighting the importance of these tools in disease control.